WoRMS taxon details

Terebellidae Johnston, 1846

982  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:982)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Annelida (Phylum)
  4. Polychaeta (Class)
  5. Sedentaria (Subclass)
  6. Canalipalpata (Infraclass)
  7. Terebellida (Order)
  8. Terebelliformia (Suborder)
  9. Terebellidae (Family)
accepted
Family

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  1. Genus Macroterebella Kolodziej, Lazar, Bucur, Coman & Uchman, 2024 †
  2. Subfamily Terebellinae Johnston, 1846
    1. Genus Arranooba Hutchings & Glasby, 1988
    2. Genus Articulatia Nogueira, Hutchings & Amaral, 2003
    3. Genus Baffinia Wesenberg-Lund, 1950
    4. Genus Bathya Saint-Joseph, 1894
    5. Genus Betapista Banse, 1980
    6. Genus Colymmatops Peters, 1854
    7. Genus Eupistella Chamberlin, 1919
    8. Genus Hadrachaeta Hutchings, 1977
    9. Genus Hutchingsiella Londoño-Mesa, 2003
    10. Genus Lanicides Hessle, 1917
    11. Tribe Lanicini Holthe, 1986
      1. Genus Axionice Malmgren, 1866
      2. Genus Lanice Malmgren, 1866
      3. Genus Lanicola Hartmann-Schröder, 1986
      4. Genus Loimia Malmgren, 1866
      5. Genus Pista Malmgren, 1866
      6. Genus Scionella Moore, 1903
    12. Genus Longicarpus Hutchings & Murray, 1984
    13. Genus Morgana Nogueira & Amaral, 2001
    14. Genus Neoleprea Hessle, 1917
    15. Genus Nicolea Malmgren, 1866
    16. Genus Opisthopista Caullery, 1944
    17. Genus Paralanice Caullery, 1944
    18. Genus Paraxionice Fauchald, 1972
    19. Genus Phisidia Saint-Joseph, 1894
    20. Genus Pistella Hartmann-Schröder, 1996
    21. Tribe Polycirrini Malmgren, 1866
      1. Genus Amaeana Hartman, 1959
      2. Genus Biremis Polloni, Rowe & Teal, 1973
      3. Genus Enoplobranchus Verrill, 1879
      4. Genus Hauchiella Levinsen, 1893
      5. Genus Lysilla Malmgren, 1866
      6. Genus Polycirrus Grube, 1850
      7. Genus Amaea Malmgren, 1866 accepted as Amaeana Hartman, 1959 (replaced junior homonym)
      8. Genus Anisocirrus Gravier, 1905 accepted as Polycirrus Grube, 1850 (subjective synonym)
      9. Genus Aphlebina Claparède, 1864 accepted as Polycirrus Grube, 1850 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, subjective synonym)
      10. Genus Apneumea Quatrefages, 1866 accepted as Polycirrus Grube, 1850 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, subjective synonym)
      11. Genus Chaetobranchus Verrill, 1873 accepted as Enoplobranchus Verrill, 1879 (replaced junior homonym)
      12. Genus Cyaxares Kinberg, 1867 accepted as Polycirrus Grube, 1850 (Subjective synonym)
      13. Genus Dejoces Kinberg, 1867 accepted as Polycirrus Grube, 1850 (subjective synonym)
      14. Genus Ereutho Malmgren, 1866 accepted as Polycirrus Grube, 1850 (subjective synonym)
      15. Genus Leucariste Malmgren, 1866 accepted as Polycirrus Grube, 1850 (Subjective synonym)
      16. Genus Litancyra Hutchings, 1977 accepted as Polycirrus Grube, 1850 (Subjective synonym)
      17. Genus Lysille Gravier, 1911 accepted as Lysilla Malmgren, 1866
      18. Genus Pseudoampharete Hartmann-Schröder, 1960 accepted as Polycirrus Grube, 1850 (subjective synonym)
      19. Genus Torquea Leidy, 1855 accepted as Polycirrus Grube, 1850 (subjective synonym)
    22. Genus Polymniella Verrill, 1900
    23. Tribe Procleini Holthe, 1986
      1. Genus Eupolymnia Verrill, 1900
      2. Genus Laphania Malmgren, 1866
      3. Genus Proclea Saint-Joseph, 1894
      4. Genus Reteterebella Hartman, 1963
    24. Genus Pseudopista Hutchings & Smith, 1997
    25. Genus Pseudoproclea Hutchings & Glasby, 1990
    26. Genus Ramex Hartman, 1944
    27. Genus Scionides Chamberlin, 1919
    28. Genus Spiroverma Uchida, 1968
    29. Genus Stschapovella Levenstein, 1957
    30. Tribe Terebellini Johnston, 1846
      1. Genus Amphitrite Müller, 1771
      2. Genus Amphitritides Augener, 1922
      3. Genus Artacama Malmgren, 1866
      4. Genus Lanassa Malmgren, 1866
      5. Genus Leaena Malmgren, 1866
      6. Genus Neoamphitrite Hessle, 1917
      7. Genus Paramphitrite Holthe, 1976
      8. Genus Spinosphaera Hessle, 1917
      9. Genus Terebella Linnaeus, 1767
    31. Genus Terebellobranchia Day, 1951
    32. Genus Terebellodibranchia Misra & Chakraborty, 1990
    33. Genus Tyira Hutchings, 1997
    34. Genus Varanusia Nogueira, Hutchings & Carrerette, 2015
    35. Genus Amphiro McIntosh, 1922 accepted as Terebella Linnaeus, 1767 (unaccepted > nomen nudum, Montagu unpublished name in McIntosh)
    36. Genus Amphitritoides Costa, 1862 accepted as Eupolymnia Verrill, 1900 (subjective synonym)
    37. Genus Dendrophora Grube, 1850 accepted as Pista Malmgren, 1866
    38. Genus Eupista McIntosh, 1885 accepted as Eupistella Chamberlin, 1919 (replaced homonym)
    39. Genus Euscione Chamberlin, 1919 accepted as Axionice Malmgren, 1866 (replacement name of subjective synonym)
    40. Genus Heterophyselia Quatrefages, 1866 accepted as Terebella Linnaeus, 1767 (subjective synonym)
    41. Genus Heteroterebella Quatrefages, 1866 accepted as Terebella Linnaeus, 1767
    42. Genus Idalia Quatrefages, 1866 accepted as Pista Malmgren, 1866 (subjective synonym)
    43. Genus Laena [auct. misspelling] accepted as Leaena Malmgren, 1866 (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling, misspelling of 'Leaena')
    44. Genus Laphaniella Malm, 1874 accepted as Lanassa Malmgren, 1866 (subjective synonym)
    45. Genus Leanea [auctt.] accepted as Leaena Malmgren, 1866 (misspelling, with letters transposed)
    46. Genus Lepraea [auctt.] accepted as Leprea Malmgren, 1866 accepted as Terebella Linnaeus, 1767 (misspelling)
    47. Genus Leprea Malmgren, 1866 accepted as Terebella Linnaeus, 1767 (subjective synonym)
    48. Genus Lizardia Nogueira, Hutchings & Carrerette, 2015 accepted as Varanusia Nogueira, Hutchings & Carrerette, 2015 (unaccepted > junior homonym, replaced junior homonym)
    49. Genus Melinella McIntosh, 1914 accepted as Axionice Malmgren, 1866 (subjective synonym)
    50. Genus Otanes Kinberg, 1867 accepted as Pista Malmgren, 1866 (subjective synonym)
    51. Genus Pallonia Costa, 1862 accepted as Eupolymnia Verrill, 1900 (subjective synonym)
    52. Genus Paraeupolymnia Young & Kritzler, 1987 accepted as Lanicola Hartmann-Schröder, 1986 (subjective synonym)
    53. Genus Physelia [auctt.] accepted as Phyzelia Schmarda, 1861 accepted as Nicolea Malmgren, 1866 (misspelling)
    54. Genus Phyzelia Schmarda, 1861 accepted as Nicolea Malmgren, 1866 (subjective synonym)
    55. Genus Polymnia Malmgren, 1867 accepted as Eupolymnia Verrill, 1900 (junior homonym replaced with Eupolymnia by Verrill)
    56. Genus Schmardanella McIntosh, 1885 accepted as Terebella Linnaeus, 1767 (subjective synonym)
    57. Genus Scione Malmgren, 1866 accepted as Axionice Malmgren, 1866 (subjective synonym, replaced homonym)
    58. Genus Scionopsis Verrill, 1873 accepted as Pista Malmgren, 1866 (subjective synonym)
    59. Genus Solowetia Ssolowiew, 1899 accepted as Proclea Saint-Joseph, 1894 (subjective synonym)
    60. Genus Terebellanice Hartmann-Schröder, 1962 accepted as Thelepus Leuckart, 1849 (subjective synonym)
    61. Genus Wartelia Giard, 1878 accepted as Lanice Malmgren, 1866 (subjective synonym)
    62. Tribe Artacamini (uncertain > nomen dubium, disused)
    63. Genus Lapidaria Zachs (uncertain > nomen dubium)
    64. Genus Teredo [Forskål, 1775] (uncertain > nomen dubium, indeterminable?)
  3. Subfamily Thelepodinae Hessle, 1917
    1. Genus Euthelepus McIntosh, 1885
    2. Genus Mesopothelepus Nogueira, Fitzhugh, Hutchings & Carrerette, 2017
    3. Genus Parathelepus Caullery, 1915
    4. Genus Pseudostreblosoma Hutchings & Murray, 1984
    5. Genus Pseudothelepus Augener, 1918
    6. Genus Rhinothelepus Hutchings, 1974
    7. Genus Streblosoma M. Sars in G.O. Sars, 1872
    8. Genus Telothelepus Day, 1955
    9. Genus Thelepides Gravier, 1911
    10. Genus Thelepus Leuckart, 1849
    11. Genus Decathelepus Hutchings, 1977 accepted as Parathelepus Caullery, 1915 (subjective synonym)
    12. Genus Glossothelepus Hutchings & Glasby, 1986 accepted as Rhinothelepus Hutchings, 1974 (subjective synonym)
    13. Genus Grymaea Malmgren, 1866 accepted as Streblosoma M. Sars in G.O. Sars, 1872 (junior homonym replaced by synonym Streblosoma)
    14. Genus Heterophenacia Quatrefages, 1866 accepted as Thelepus Leuckart, 1849 (subjective synonym)
    15. Genus Kritzlerius Londoño-Mesa, 2009 accepted as Parathelepus Caullery, 1915 (subjective synonym)
    16. Genus Lumara Stimpson, 1853 accepted as Thelepus Leuckart, 1849 (subjective synonym)
    17. Genus Neottis Malmgren, 1866 accepted as Thelepus Leuckart, 1849 (subjective synonym)
    18. Genus Phenacia Quatrefages, 1866 accepted as Thelepus Leuckart, 1849 (subjective synonym)
    19. Genus Protothelepus Verrill, 1900 accepted as Thelepus Leuckart, 1849 (subjective synonym)
    20. Genus Thelephusa Verrill, 1871 accepted as Thelepus Leuckart, 1849 (subjective synonym)
    21. Genus Thelepides Southern, 1914 accepted as Parathelepus Caullery, 1915 (unaccepted > junior homonym, replaced junior homonym)
    22. Genus Thelepodopsis M. Sars in G.O. Sars, 1872 accepted as Thelepus Leuckart, 1849 (subjective synonym)
    23. Genus Venusia Johnston, 1865 accepted as Thelepus Leuckart, 1849 (subjective synonym)
    24. Genus Pseudothelepus Hutchings, 1997 (uncertain > nomen dubium, unavailable junior homonym, unreplaced)
    25. Tribe Thelepini (uncertain > nomen dubium, rank currently unused)
  4. Subfamily Amphitritinae Malmgren, 1866 accepted as Terebellinae Johnston, 1846 (principle of coordination)
    1. Genus Amphytrite Renier, 1804 (unaccepted > nomen nudum, rejected publication)
    2. Subfamily Artacaminae Malmgren, 1866 accepted as Terebellinae Johnston, 1846 (disused)
    3. Genus Dendrobranchus Wagner, 1885 (unaccepted > nomen nudum, unavailable as no description)
    4. Subfamily Polycirrinae Malmgren, 1866 accepted as Polycirrini Malmgren, 1866 (disused, placeholder entry for rank downgrade to tribe)
    5. Subfamily Thelepinae Hessle, 1917 accepted as Thelepodinae Hessle, 1917 (superseded spelling)
    6. Genus Ehlersiella McIntosh, 1885 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
    7. Genus Naneva Chamberlin, 1919 (uncertain > nomen dubium, indeterminable?)
    8. Genus Odysseus Kinberg, 1866 (uncertain > nomen dubium, indeterminable?)
    9. Genus Uncinochaeta Quatrefages, 1866 (uncertain > nomen dubium, indeterminable, no locality)
    marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
    recent + fossil
    Johnston, George 1846. An index to the British Annelides [sic]. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 1, 16 (supplement to vol 16): 433-462. Plate 2. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22069506
    page(s): 447 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]
    Homonymy Senior to replaced name Terebellidae Adams & Adams, 1854, in Mollusca: Gastropoda, accepted as Seraphsidae, based on...  
    Homonymy Senior to replaced name Terebellidae Adams & Adams, 1854, in Mollusca: Gastropoda, accepted as Seraphsidae, based on Terebellum Röding, 1798. [details]
    Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (Ed.) (2024). World Polychaeta Database. Terebellidae Johnston, 1846. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=982 on 2024-11-23
    Date
    action
    by
    2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
    created
    db_admin
    2008-03-26 11:36:43Z
    changed
    Fauchald, Kristian
    2010-03-03 00:50:30Z
    changed
    Read, Geoffrey
    2011-09-18 23:08:58Z
    changed
    Read, Geoffrey
    2011-10-19 20:56:35Z
    changed
    Read, Geoffrey
    2013-05-06 05:20:56Z
    changed
    Read, Geoffrey
    2024-05-28 02:11:03Z
    changed
    Read, Geoffrey

    Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


    original description Johnston, George 1846. An index to the British Annelides [sic]. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 1, 16 (supplement to vol 16): 433-462. Plate 2. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22069506
    page(s): 447 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

    taxonomy source Stiller, Josefin; Tilic, Ekin; Rousset, Vincent; Pleijel, Fredrick; Rouse, Greg W. (2020). Spaghetti to a tree: A robust phylogeny for Terebelliformia (Annelida) based on transcriptomes, molecular and morphological Data. <em>Biology.</em> 9(4): 73 [29 pp. + supplementary material]., available online at https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9040073 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

    taxonomy source Lavesque, Nicolas; Daffe, Guillemine; Londoño-Mesa, Mario H.; Hutchings, Pat. (2021). Revision of the French Terebellidae sensu stricto (Annelida, Terebelliformia), with descriptions of nine new species. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 5038(1): 1-63., available online at https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5038.1 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

    additional source Fauchald, K. (1977). The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. <em>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), Science Series.</em> 28:1-188., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/123110.pdf [details] 

    additional source Grube, Adolf Eduard. (1850). Die Familien der Anneliden. <em>Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Berlin.</em> 16(1): 249-364., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6958350
    page(s): 325 [details] 

    additional source Hessle, Christian. (1917). Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. <em>Zoologiska bidrag från Uppsala.</em> 5: 39-258, plates I-V., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38891407 [details] OpenAccess publication

    additional source Hilbig, Brigitte 2000. Family Terebellidae Grube, 1851. pages 231-294. IN: Blake, James A.; Hilbig, Brigitte; and Scott, Paul Valentich. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. 7 - The Annelida Part 4. Polychaeta: Fabelligeridae to Sternaspidae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. Santa Barbara [details] 

    additional source Holthe, T. (1986). Evolution, systematics, and distribution of the Polychaeta Terebellomorpha, with a catalogue of the taxa and a bibliography. <em>Gunneria.</em> 55: 1-236., available online at http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:331918/FULLTEXT01.pdf [details] 

    additional source Malmgren, A.J. (1867). Annulata Polychaeta Spetsbergiæ, Grœnlandiæ, Islandiæ et Scandinaviæ. Hactenus Cognita. Ex Officina Frenckelliana, Helsingforslæ. 127 pp. & XIV plates., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/13358
    page(s): 107 [details] 

    additional source McHugh, Damhnait 1995. Phylogenetic analysis of the Amphitritinae (Polychaeta: Terebellidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, London 114: 405-429. [details] 

    additional source Glasby, Christopher J., Hutchings, Patricia A. and Hall, Kathryn. (2004). Assessment of monophyly and taxon affinities within the polychaete clade Terebelliformia (Terebellida). <em>Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.</em> 84(5): 961-971., available online at https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315404010252h [details] 

    additional source Nogueira, João Miguel de Matos; Hutchings, Patricia A.; Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi. (2010). Morphology of terebelliform polychaetes (Annelida: Polychaeta: Terebelliformia), with a focus on Terebellidae. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 2460: 1-185., available online at http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/list/2010/2460.html [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

    additional source Garraffoni, A. R. S.; Lana, P. C. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships within the Terebellidae (Polychaeta : Terebellida) based on morphological characters. Invertebrate Systematics 22(6): 605-626 [details] 

    additional source Nogueira, João Miguel de Matos; Fitzhugh, Kirk; Hutchings, Pat. 2013. The continuing challenge of phylogenetic relationships in Terebelliformia (Annelida : Polychaeta). Invertebrate Systematics 27(2): 186-238, available online at http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/IS12062 [details] 

    identification resource Jirkov, I. A. and Leontovitch, M. K. (2013). Identification keys for Terebellomorpha (Polychaeta) of the eastern Atlantic and the North Polar basin. Invertebrate Zoology [aka Zoologiya Bespozvonochnykh]. 10 (2): 217 - 243., available online at http://www.nature.air.ru/invertebrates/10_2/invert10_2_217_243%20_irkov.pdf [details] 

    identification resource Lavesque, Nicolas; Hutchings, Pat; Londoño-Mesa, Mario H.; Nogueira, João M. M.; Daffe, Guillemine; Nygren, Arne; Blanchet, Hugues; Bonifácio, Paulo; Broudin, Caroline; Dauvin, Jean-Claude; Droual, Gabin; Gouillieux, Benoit; Grall, Jacques; Guyonnet, Benjamin; Houbin, Céline; Humbert, Suzie; Janson, Anne-Laure; Jourde, Jérôme; Labrune, Céline; Lamarque, Bastien; Latry, Lise; Le Garrec, Vincent; Pelaprat, Corine; Pezy, Jean-Philippe; Sauriau, Pierre-Guy; De Montaudouin, Xavier. (2021). The “Spaghetti Project”: the final identification guide to European Terebellidae (sensu lato) (Annelida, Terebelliformia). <em>European Journal of Taxonomy.</em> 782: 108-156., available online at https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1593 [details] 
    		 
     Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
       

    From editor or global species database
    Authority Johnston (1846:447) appears to be the first to use Terebellidae as a family name. Hessle (1917:43) recognised this, stating that "Johnston stellte (1845) die Familie Terebellidae auf", whereas Grube (1850) was the first to recognise the "Terebellomorphen" group of families. Hartman Catalogue (1959:495) preferred Malmgren (1867) over the commonly cited Grube (1850), presumably because Grube (with use of Terebellacea) did not use a correctly latinised form, although he wrote a diagnosis of the family. Johnston (1846) is an earlier usage than Grube. Unlike Grube, he gave no diagnosis, but this is not required under ICZN Art.11.7. [details]

    Classification Only subfamilies Terebellinae, and Thelepodinae are in use following the molecular analysis of Stiller et al. (2020). Polycirrinae, which was raised to a family by Nogueira et al (2013), is reduced to tribe Polycirrini within Terebellinae. See the additional sources for the history of higher classification within Terebellidae. Up to four subfamilies (with some names varying) have been used, and also some taxa have been placed in tribes, notably by Holthe (1986), some of which have been used by Stiller et al (2020). Subfamilies include Terebellinae, commonly in literature as Amphitritinae Malmgren, 1867, Artacaminae Malmgren, 1867, Thelepodinae Hessle, 1917 (was Thelepinae), and Polycirrinae Malmgren 1867, but their separation and extent have not been stable. Note that Amphitritinae is disused in favour of Terebellinae, and that Thelepinae was emended to Thelepodinae, but that for decades both Amphitritinae and Thelepinae were the accepted names in use, so there are many works where those names are in the title. Artacaminae is not currently used, as Artacama is included in Terebellinae. [details]

    Classification Classification of Terebellidae is now based on Stiller et al (2020). These authors did not find support from molecular data for splitting terebellid clades as three families Polycirridae + Thelepodidae + Telothelepodidae suggested by Nogueira et al (2013). Within Terebellidae Stiller et al (2020) placed Polycirrinae reduced to a tribe within subfamily Terebellinae, and placed Thelepodidae back to subfamily as previously long used, with Telothelepodidae Nogueira et al, 2013 as its synonym.

    Earlier Nogueira, Fitzhugh & Hutchings (2013) had proposed a re-organisation of Terebellidae, raising all the subfamilies to family-level, based on a morphology-based cladistic study, rather than re-including Trichobranchidae in Terebellidae. This rank inflation was not accepted in WoRMS. Although they did not formally assign the genera other than type genera, they attempted to include all genera practicable in their analysis (some were not), and their proposal appears to have been as follows:
    * Terebellidae (was Terebellinae): Terebella, (also Amphitrite, Amphitritides, Arranooba, Artacama, Articulatia, Axionice, Baffinia, Betapista, Eupolymnia, Eupistella, Hadrachaeta, Hutchingsiella, Lanassa, Lanice, Lanicides, Lanicola, Laphania, Leaena, Loimia, Longicarpus, Morgana, Naneva, Neoamphitrite, Neoleprea, Nicolea, Paramaphitrite, Paraxionice, Phisidia, Pista, Pistella, Proclea, Pseudoproclea, Ramex, Reteterebella, Scionella, Scionides, Spinosphaera, Stschapovella, Thelepides, & Tyira).
    * Polycirridae (was Polycirrinae): Polycirrus (also Amaeana, Biremis, Enoplobranchus, Hauchiella, & Lysilla)
    * Thelepodidae (was Thelepodinae): Thelepus (also Euthelepus, Pseudostreblosoma, Pseudothelepus (note it is unstated if this is the species under the homonym Pseudothelepus Hutchings 1997 or the valid Pseudothelepus Augener 1918, or both) & Streblosoma).
    * Telothelepodidae (new family): Telothelepus (also Decathelepus, Glossothelepus, Parthelepus, & Rhinothelepus)
    The authors did not provide a key to enable identification of the taxa belonging to their updated names.
     [details]

    Homonymy Senior to replaced name Terebellidae Adams & Adams, 1854, in Mollusca: Gastropoda, accepted as Seraphsidae, based on Terebellum Röding, 1798. [details]
        Definitions

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    LanguageName 
    Japanese フサゴカイ科  [details]
    To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) 
    To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Terebellidae) 
    To The Arctic Traits Database (29 traits) 
    To ITIS