HABs taxon details
Prorocentrum cordatum (Ostenfeld) J.D.Dodge, 1976
232376 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:232376)
accepted
Species
Exuviaella mariae-lebouriae Parke & Ballantine, 1957 · unaccepted
Exuviaella marie-lebouriae Parke & Ballantine, 1957 · unaccepted (synonym)
Exuviaella minima Pavillard, 1916 · unaccepted (basionym)
Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933 · unaccepted
marine
Not documented
Harmful effect A toxic principle was isolated from cultures of P. minimum isolated from Lake Hamana (Okaichi and Imatomi, 1979; Akiba and...
Identification Sometimes confused with Prorocentrum balticum. Taxonomical boundaries with P. minimum more or less confusing (Velikova and...
Harmful effect A toxic principle was isolated from cultures of P. minimum isolated from Lake Hamana (Okaichi and Imatomi, 1979; Akiba and Hattori, 1949) and revealed hepatotoxicity in mice i.p. injected. Adverse effects were also recorded on molluscs and Artemia nauplii (Wickfors and Smolowitz, 1993, 1995). From cultures of French Mediterranean strains, Grzebyk et al. (1997) showed a neurotoxic activity of methanol extracts and of a water-soluble fraction of P. minimum on mice (FAT-type effects) while Denardou-Quénéhervé et al. (1999) confirmed the possibility of bioaccumulation of toxic compounds by the mussel M. galloprovincialis. These compounds blocked the calcium channels but had no effect on hepatocytes. The toxicity of the Mediterranean strains was therefore different from that of Japanese strains. In addition, the toxin production was stimulated by the presence of associated bacteria (Grzebyk et al., 1997) although P. minimum axenic clone remained capable of producing the toxin. Experimentally, P. minimum cultures in concentrations similar to the blooms (9 x 103 to 2.5 x 105 cells mL-1) caused 100% mortality of juvenile oysters Crassostrea virginica in 14 days. However, when P. minimum represented less than 5% of the algal biomass provided as food there was no mortality (Lückenbach et al., 1993). In a recent study (Vlamis et al., 2015), a correlation was found between tetrodotoxins (TTXs) in mussels from Vistonikos Bay, Greece, in 2012 and coincident P. cordatum (=P. minimum) blooms, together with atypical positive MBA for lipophilic toxins on mussel extracts. TTX has now been detected in Greek shellfish since 2006 and a possible link between TTX and P. minimum blooms was discussed by the authors. [details]
Identification Sometimes confused with Prorocentrum balticum. Taxonomical boundaries with P. minimum more or less confusing (Velikova and...
Identification Sometimes confused with Prorocentrum balticum. Taxonomical boundaries with P. minimum more or less confusing (Velikova and Larsen, 1999). P. cordatum is considered by Moestrup et al. (2009) as conspecific with P. minimum and also with P. balticum. [details]
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Prorocentrum cordatum (Ostenfeld) J.D.Dodge, 1976. Accessed through: Lundholm, N.; Churro, C.; Escalera, L.; Fraga, S.; Hoppenrath, M.; Iwataki, M.; Larsen, J.; Mertens, K.; Moestrup, Ø.; Murray, S.; Tillmann, U.; Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards) IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae at: https://www.marinespecies.org/hab/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=232376 on 2024-11-22
Lundholm, N.; Churro, C.; Escalera, L.; Fraga, S.; Hoppenrath, M.; Iwataki, M.; Larsen, J.; Mertens, K.; Moestrup, Ø.; Murray, S.; Tillmann, U.; Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae. Prorocentrum cordatum (Ostenfeld) J.D.Dodge, 1976. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/hab/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=232376 on 2024-11-22
Date
action
by
original description
(of Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933) Pavillard J. 1916. Recherches sur les péridiniens du Golf de Lion. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montpellier et Stat. Zool. Cette. Trav., sér. mixte, Mém. 4: 1-73. [details]
context source (Deepsea) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
context source (HKRMS) Lam CWY. & Ho KC. (1988). Phytoplankton characteristics of Tolo Harbour. In: Morton B, editor. Asian Marine Biology 6. pp 5-18. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. [details]
context source (Schelde) Maris, T.; Beauchard, O.; Van Damme, S.; Van den Bergh, E.; Wijnhoven, S.; Meire, P. (2013). Referentiematrices en Ecotoopoppervlaktes Annex bij de Evaluatiemethodiek Schelde-estuarium Studie naar “Ecotoopoppervlaktes en intactness index”. <em>Monitor Taskforce Publication Series, 2013-01. NIOZ: Yerseke.</em> 35 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source Steidinger, K. A., M. A. Faust, and D. U. Hernández-Becerril. 2009. Dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 131–154 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Lakkis, S. (2011). Le phytoplancton marin du Liban (Méditerranée orientale): biologie, biodiversité, biogéographie. Aracne: Roma. ISBN 978-88-548-4243-4. 293 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Steidinger, K.A. & Meave del Castillo, M.E. (Eds.). (2018). Guide to the identification of harmful micoalgae in the Gulf of Mexico. <em>St. Petersburg, FL: DiggyPOD, Inc.</em> [details]
ecology source Mitra, A.; Caron, D. A.; Faure, E.; Flynn, K. J.; Leles, S. G.; Hansen, P. J.; McManus, G. B.; Not, F.; Do Rosario Gomes, H.; Santoferrara, L. F.; Stoecker, D. K.; Tillmann, U. (2023). The Mixoplankton Database (MDB): Diversity of photo‐phago‐trophic plankton in form, function, and distribution across the global ocean. <em>Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.</em> 70(4)., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12972 [details]
ecology source Li, A.; Stoecker, D.; Coats, D.; Adam, E. (1996). Ingestion of fluorescently labeled and phycoerythrin-containing prey by mixotrophic dinoflagellates. <em>Aquatic Microbial Ecology.</em> 10: 139-147., available online at https://doi.org/10.3354/ame010139 [details]
ecology source Stoecker, D.K.; Li, A.; Coats, D.W.; Gustafson, D.E.; Nannen, M.K. (1997). Mixotrophy in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum. <em>Marine Ecology Progress Series.</em> 152: 1-12. [details] Available for editors
ecology source Jeong, H.; Yoo, Y.; Park, J.; Song, J.; Kim, S.; Lee, S.; Kim, K.; Yih, W. (2005). Feeding by phototrophic red-tide dinoflagellates: five species newly revealed and six species previously known to be mixotrophic. <em>Aquatic Microbial Ecology.</em> 40: 133-150., available online at https://doi.org/10.3354/ame040133 [details]
ecology source Leles, S. G.; Mitra, A.; Flynn, K. J.; Tillmann, U.; Stoecker, D.; Jeong, H. J.; Burkholder, J.; Hansen, P. J.; Caron, D. A.; Glibert, P. M.; Hallegraeff, G.; Raven, J. A.; Sanders, R. W.; Zubkov, M. (2019). Sampling bias misrepresents the biogeographical significance of constitutive mixotrophs across global oceans. <em>Global Ecology and Biogeography.</em> 28(4): 418-428., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12853 [details] Available for editors
context source (Deepsea) Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
context source (HKRMS) Lam CWY. & Ho KC. (1988). Phytoplankton characteristics of Tolo Harbour. In: Morton B, editor. Asian Marine Biology 6. pp 5-18. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. [details]
context source (Schelde) Maris, T.; Beauchard, O.; Van Damme, S.; Van den Bergh, E.; Wijnhoven, S.; Meire, P. (2013). Referentiematrices en Ecotoopoppervlaktes Annex bij de Evaluatiemethodiek Schelde-estuarium Studie naar “Ecotoopoppervlaktes en intactness index”. <em>Monitor Taskforce Publication Series, 2013-01. NIOZ: Yerseke.</em> 35 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source Steidinger, K. A., M. A. Faust, and D. U. Hernández-Becerril. 2009. Dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 131–154 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source Lakkis, S. (2011). Le phytoplancton marin du Liban (Méditerranée orientale): biologie, biodiversité, biogéographie. Aracne: Roma. ISBN 978-88-548-4243-4. 293 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Steidinger, K.A. & Meave del Castillo, M.E. (Eds.). (2018). Guide to the identification of harmful micoalgae in the Gulf of Mexico. <em>St. Petersburg, FL: DiggyPOD, Inc.</em> [details]
ecology source Mitra, A.; Caron, D. A.; Faure, E.; Flynn, K. J.; Leles, S. G.; Hansen, P. J.; McManus, G. B.; Not, F.; Do Rosario Gomes, H.; Santoferrara, L. F.; Stoecker, D. K.; Tillmann, U. (2023). The Mixoplankton Database (MDB): Diversity of photo‐phago‐trophic plankton in form, function, and distribution across the global ocean. <em>Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.</em> 70(4)., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12972 [details]
ecology source Li, A.; Stoecker, D.; Coats, D.; Adam, E. (1996). Ingestion of fluorescently labeled and phycoerythrin-containing prey by mixotrophic dinoflagellates. <em>Aquatic Microbial Ecology.</em> 10: 139-147., available online at https://doi.org/10.3354/ame010139 [details]
ecology source Stoecker, D.K.; Li, A.; Coats, D.W.; Gustafson, D.E.; Nannen, M.K. (1997). Mixotrophy in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum. <em>Marine Ecology Progress Series.</em> 152: 1-12. [details] Available for editors
ecology source Jeong, H.; Yoo, Y.; Park, J.; Song, J.; Kim, S.; Lee, S.; Kim, K.; Yih, W. (2005). Feeding by phototrophic red-tide dinoflagellates: five species newly revealed and six species previously known to be mixotrophic. <em>Aquatic Microbial Ecology.</em> 40: 133-150., available online at https://doi.org/10.3354/ame040133 [details]
ecology source Leles, S. G.; Mitra, A.; Flynn, K. J.; Tillmann, U.; Stoecker, D.; Jeong, H. J.; Burkholder, J.; Hansen, P. J.; Caron, D. A.; Glibert, P. M.; Hallegraeff, G.; Raven, J. A.; Sanders, R. W.; Zubkov, M. (2019). Sampling bias misrepresents the biogeographical significance of constitutive mixotrophs across global oceans. <em>Global Ecology and Biogeography.</em> 28(4): 418-428., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12853 [details] Available for editors
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From regional or thematic species database
Description Broad oval to ovoid cells with central pyrenoid (starch ring). Reticulatefoveate thecal surface with scattered pores becoming more dense towards the margin. Plate centre devoid of pores and in some cells also devoid of depressions. The periflagellar area is V-shaped and a small platelet list can be present in some cells. Eight or nine platelets. The round to oval nucleus is located posteriorly. [details]Harmful effect A toxic principle was isolated from cultures of P. minimum isolated from Lake Hamana (Okaichi and Imatomi, 1979; Akiba and Hattori, 1949) and revealed hepatotoxicity in mice i.p. injected. Adverse effects were also recorded on molluscs and Artemia nauplii (Wickfors and Smolowitz, 1993, 1995). From cultures of French Mediterranean strains, Grzebyk et al. (1997) showed a neurotoxic activity of methanol extracts and of a water-soluble fraction of P. minimum on mice (FAT-type effects) while Denardou-Quénéhervé et al. (1999) confirmed the possibility of bioaccumulation of toxic compounds by the mussel M. galloprovincialis. These compounds blocked the calcium channels but had no effect on hepatocytes. The toxicity of the Mediterranean strains was therefore different from that of Japanese strains. In addition, the toxin production was stimulated by the presence of associated bacteria (Grzebyk et al., 1997) although P. minimum axenic clone remained capable of producing the toxin. Experimentally, P. minimum cultures in concentrations similar to the blooms (9 x 103 to 2.5 x 105 cells mL-1) caused 100% mortality of juvenile oysters Crassostrea virginica in 14 days. However, when P. minimum represented less than 5% of the algal biomass provided as food there was no mortality (Lückenbach et al., 1993). In a recent study (Vlamis et al., 2015), a correlation was found between tetrodotoxins (TTXs) in mussels from Vistonikos Bay, Greece, in 2012 and coincident P. cordatum (=P. minimum) blooms, together with atypical positive MBA for lipophilic toxins on mussel extracts. TTX has now been detected in Greek shellfish since 2006 and a possible link between TTX and P. minimum blooms was discussed by the authors. [details]
Identification Sometimes confused with Prorocentrum balticum. Taxonomical boundaries with P. minimum more or less confusing (Velikova and Larsen, 1999). P. cordatum is considered by Moestrup et al. (2009) as conspecific with P. minimum and also with P. balticum. [details]
Published in AlgaeBase 
(from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)
Published in AlgaeBase
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Exuviaella minima Pavillard, 1916)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Prorocentrum marielebouriae (Parke & Ballantine) A.R.Loeblich III, 1970)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Exuviaella marie-lebouriae Parke & Ballantine, 1957)
To Barcode of Life (15 barcodes) (from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Exuviaella mariae-lebouriae Parke & Ballantine, 1957)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (14 publications) (from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (2 publications) (from synonym Exuviaella minima Pavillard, 1916)
To Dyntaxa (from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Prorocentrum cordatum)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Prorocentrum minimum) (from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)
To GenBank (154965 nucleotides; 52401 proteins) (from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)
To GenBank (34 nucleotides; 0 proteins)
To Information system on Aquatic Non-Indigenous and Cryptogenic Species (AquaNIS) (from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)
To PESI (from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)
To PESI
To ITIS
(from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)Published in AlgaeBase
Published in AlgaeBase
(from synonym Exuviaella minima Pavillard, 1916)Published in AlgaeBase
(from synonym Prorocentrum marielebouriae (Parke & Ballantine) A.R.Loeblich III, 1970)Published in AlgaeBase
(from synonym Exuviaella marie-lebouriae Parke & Ballantine, 1957)To Barcode of Life (15 barcodes) (from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Exuviaella mariae-lebouriae Parke & Ballantine, 1957)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (14 publications) (from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (2 publications) (from synonym Exuviaella minima Pavillard, 1916)
To Dyntaxa (from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Prorocentrum cordatum)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Prorocentrum minimum) (from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)
To GenBank (154965 nucleotides; 52401 proteins) (from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)
To GenBank (34 nucleotides; 0 proteins)
To Information system on Aquatic Non-Indigenous and Cryptogenic Species (AquaNIS) (from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)
To PESI (from synonym Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) J.Schiller, 1933)
To PESI
To ITIS
Unreviewed
Image from synonym