WoRMS taxon details

Gymnodinium F.Stein, 1878

109475  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:109475)

  1. Biota
  2. Chromista (Kingdom)
  3. Harosa (Subkingdom)
  4. Alveolata (Infrakingdom)
  5. Myzozoa (Phylum)
  6. Dinozoa (Subphylum)
  7. Dinoflagellata (Infraphylum)
  8. Dinophyceae (Class)
  9. Gymnodiniales (Order)
  10. Gymnodiniaceae (Family)
  11. Gymnodinium (Genus)
accepted
Genus
Proaulax Diesing, 1866 · unaccepted (synonym)

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  1. Species Gymnodinium abbreviatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  2. Species Gymnodinium achromaticum Lebour, 1917
  3. Species Gymnodinium acutissimum Okolodkov, 1997
  4. Species Gymnodinium acutiusculum Okolodkov, 1997
  5. Species Gymnodinium adriaticum (Schmarda) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  6. Species Gymnodinium aequatoriale Hasle, 1960
  7. Species Gymnodinium agaricoides P.H.Campbell, 1973
  8. Species Gymnodinium agiliforme Schiller, 1928
  9. Species Gymnodinium albidum J.B.Lackey & E.W.Lackey, 1970
  10. Species Gymnodinium albulum Er.Lindemann, 1928
  11. Species Gymnodinium allophron J.Larsen, 1994
  12. Species Gymnodinium amphityphlum J.Larsen, 1994
  13. Species Gymnodinium amphora Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  14. Species Gymnodinium amplinucleum P.H.Campbell, 1973
  15. Species Gymnodinium antarcticum A.E.Thessen, D.J.Patterson & S.A.Murray, 2012
  16. Species Gymnodinium arcticum Wulff, 1919
  17. Species Gymnodinium arcuatum Kofoid, 1931
  18. Species Gymnodinium arenicola Dragesco, 1965
  19. Species Gymnodinium atomatum J.Larsen, 1994
  20. Species Gymnodinium attenuatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  21. Species Gymnodinium aurantium P.H.Campbell, 1973
  22. Species Gymnodinium auratum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  23. Species Gymnodinium aureolum (E.M.Hulburt) Gert Hansen, 2000
  24. Species Gymnodinium aureum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  25. Species Gymnodinium australense Ruiner, 1938
  26. Species Gymnodinium baccatum Balech, 1965
  27. Species Gymnodinium bicaudatum Pavillard, 1905
  28. Species Gymnodinium biconicum J.Schiller, 1928
  29. Species Gymnodinium bicorne Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  30. Species Gymnodinium bifurcatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  31. Species Gymnodinium bilobatum Van Meel, 1969
  32. Species Gymnodinium birotundatum van Goor, 1925
  33. Species Gymnodinium boguense P.H.Campbell, 1973
  34. Species Gymnodinium boguensis P.H.Campbell, 1973
  35. Species Gymnodinium bonaerense Akselman, 1985
  36. Species Gymnodinium boreale Gaarder, 1953
  37. Species Gymnodinium canus Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  38. Species Gymnodinium capitatum Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
  39. Species Gymnodinium caput J.Schiller, 1928
  40. Species Gymnodinium cassieorum R.E.Norris, 1961
  41. Species Gymnodinium catenatum H.W.Graham, 1943
  42. Species Gymnodinium chiasmonetrium Norris, 1961
  43. Species Gymnodinium chukwanii D.Ballantine, 1961
  44. Species Gymnodinium cinctum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  45. Species Gymnodinium cnodax Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
  46. Species Gymnodinium contractum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  47. Species Gymnodinium corii J.Schiller, 1928
  48. Species Gymnodinium corollarium A.M.Sundström, Kremp & Daugbjerg, 2009
  49. Species Gymnodinium costatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  50. Species Gymnodinium cruciatum J.Massart
  51. Species Gymnodinium cucumis Schütt, 1895
  52. Species Gymnodinium cyaneofungiforme Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
  53. Species Gymnodinium danicans P.H.Campbell, 1973
  54. Species Gymnodinium dentatum J.Larsen, 1994
  55. Species Gymnodinium diamphidium R.E.Norris, 1961
  56. Species Gymnodinium diploconus Schütt, 1895
  57. Species Gymnodinium dissimile Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  58. Species Gymnodinium dogielii Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  59. Species Gymnodinium doma Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  60. Species Gymnodinium dorsalisulcum (Hulbert, J.J.A.McLaughlin & Zahl) Shauna Murray, Salas & Hallegraeff, 2007
  61. Species Gymnodinium elongatum B.Hope, 1954
  62. Species Gymnodinium endofasciculum P.H.Campbell, 1973
  63. Species Gymnodinium enorme Ballantine, 1964
  64. Species Gymnodinium exechegloutum R.E.Norris, 1961
  65. Species Gymnodinium filum Lebour, 1917
  66. Species Gymnodinium flavum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  67. Species Gymnodinium fossarum Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
  68. Species Gymnodinium fukushimae Hada, 1966
  69. Species Gymnodinium fulgens Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  70. Species Gymnodinium fuscum (Ehrenberg) F.Stein, 1878
  71. Species Gymnodinium fusiforme Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  72. Species Gymnodinium fusus Schütt, 1896
  73. Species Gymnodinium galaeformis Matzenauer, 1933
  74. Species Gymnodinium galeaeforme Matzenauer, 1933
  75. Species Gymnodinium galeatum J.Larsen, 1994
  76. Species Gymnodinium galeiforme Okolodkov, 1997
  77. Species Gymnodinium galesianum P.H.Campbell, 1973
  78. Species Gymnodinium gelbum Kofoid, 1931
  79. Species Gymnodinium gibbera J.Schiller, 1928
  80. Species Gymnodinium glandiforme Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
  81. Species Gymnodinium gleba Schütt, 1895
  82. Species Gymnodinium gracilentum P.H.Campbell, 1973
  83. Species Gymnodinium grammaticum (Pouchet) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  84. Species Gymnodinium guttiforme J.Larsen, 1994
  85. Species Gymnodinium guttula Balech, 1976
  86. Species Gymnodinium hamulus Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  87. Species Gymnodinium herbaceum Kofoid, 1921
  88. Species Gymnodinium heterostriatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  89. Species Gymnodinium hiroshimaense Hada, 1968
  90. Species Gymnodinium hulburtii P.H.Campbell, 1973
  91. Species Gymnodinium impudicum (S.Fraga & I.Bravo) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000
  92. Species Gymnodinium incertum E.C.Herdman, 1924
  93. Species Gymnodinium incisum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  94. Species Gymnodinium incoloratum Conrad & Kufferath, 1954
  95. Species Gymnodinium inconstans van Meel, 1969
  96. Species Gymnodinium intercalare Bursa, 1961
  97. Species Gymnodinium inusitatum H.Gu, 2013
  98. Species Gymnodinium irregulare B.Hope, 1954
  99. Species Gymnodinium japonicum Hada, 1974
  100. Species Gymnodinium katodiniforme Elbrachter, 1979
  101. Species Gymnodinium kesslitzii (J.Schiller) Moestrup, 2018
  102. Species Gymnodinium kowalevskii Pitzik, 1967
  103. Species Gymnodinium lachmannii Kent, 1881
  104. Species Gymnodinium lanskoi Rouchijajnen, 1968
  105. Species Gymnodinium lazulum Hulburt, 1957
  106. Species Gymnodinium leptum R.E.Norris, 1961
  107. Species Gymnodinium lineatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  108. Species Gymnodinium lineopunicum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  109. Species Gymnodinium litoralis A.Reñé, 2011
  110. Species Gymnodinium lobularis P.H.Campbell, 1973
  111. Species Gymnodinium loburare P.H.Campbell, 1973
  112. Species Gymnodinium lucidum D.Ballantine, 1964
  113. Species Gymnodinium luteo-viride van Meel, 1969
  114. Species Gymnodinium maguelonnense Biecheler, 1952
  115. Species Gymnodinium mammosum van Meel, 1969
  116. Species Gymnodinium marinum Kent, 1880
  117. Species Gymnodinium massarti J.Schiller, 1932
  118. Species Gymnodinium maximum Nordli, 1951
  119. Species Gymnodinium metum Hulburt, 1957
  120. Species Gymnodinium microreticulatum C.J.S.Bolch, Negri & G.M.Hallegraeff, 1999
  121. Species Gymnodinium minor Lebour, 1917
  122. Species Gymnodinium minus Lebour, 1917
  123. Species Gymnodinium minutulum J.Larsen, 1994
  124. Species Gymnodinium modestum Balech, 1976
  125. Species Gymnodinium multilineatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  126. Species Gymnodinium multistriatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  127. Species Gymnodinium najadeum J.Schiller, 1928
  128. Species Gymnodinium nanum Schiller, 1928
  129. Species Gymnodinium neapolitanum J.Schiller, 1928
  130. Species Gymnodinium nolleri M.Ellegaard & Ø.Moestrup, 1999
  131. Species Gymnodinium nucaceum Okolodkov, 1997
  132. Species Gymnodinium obliquum Okolodkov, 1997
  133. Species Gymnodinium oceanicum Hasle, 1960
  134. Species Gymnodinium ochraceum Kofoid, 1931
  135. Species Gymnodinium octo J.Larsen, 1994
  136. Species Gymnodinium oppressum Conrad, 1926
  137. Species Gymnodinium opressum Conrad, 1926
  138. Species Gymnodinium ostenfeldii J.Schiller, 1928
  139. Species Gymnodinium ovatocapitatum Van Meel, 1969
  140. Species Gymnodinium ovoideum Okolodkov, 1997
  141. Species Gymnodinium ovulum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  142. Species Gymnodinium pallidum Skuja, 1939
  143. Species Gymnodinium parvum J.Larsen, 1994
  144. Species Gymnodinium patagonicum Balech, 1971
  145. Species Gymnodinium paulseinii Schiller
  146. Species Gymnodinium paulsenii J.Schiller, 1928
  147. Species Gymnodinium perplexum van Meel, 1969
  148. Species Gymnodinium pingue van Meel, 1969
  149. Species Gymnodinium placidum E.C.Herdman, 1922
  150. Species Gymnodinium polycomma J.Larsen, 1994
  151. Species Gymnodinium prolatum J.Larsen, 1994
  152. Species Gymnodinium pulchrum J.Schiller, 1928
  153. Species Gymnodinium pumilum J.Larsen, 1994
  154. Species Gymnodinium punctatum Pouchet, 1887
  155. Species Gymnodinium puniceum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  156. Species Gymnodinium purpureum Skuja, 1956
  157. Species Gymnodinium pygmaeum Lebour, 1925
  158. Species Gymnodinium pyrenoidosum T.Horiguchi & Chihara, 1988
  159. Species Gymnodinium radiatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  160. Species Gymnodinium ravenescens Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  161. Species Gymnodinium regulare van Meel, 1969
  162. Species Gymnodinium rete Schutt, 1895
  163. Species Gymnodinium rhomboides Schütt, 1895
  164. Species Gymnodinium roseostigma P.H.Campbell, 1973
  165. Species Gymnodinium rubricauda Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  166. Species Gymnodinium rubrocinctum Lebour, 1925
  167. Species Gymnodinium rubrum Koifoid & Swezy, 1921
  168. Species Gymnodinium scaphium van Meel, 1969
  169. Species Gymnodinium schaefferi S.Morris, 1937
  170. Species Gymnodinium scopulosum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  171. Species Gymnodinium semidivisum J.Schiller, 1928
  172. Species Gymnodinium servatum W.Busch, 1927
  173. Species Gymnodinium situla Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  174. Species Gymnodinium smaydae N.S.Kang, H.J.Jeong & Ø. Moestrup., 2014
  175. Species Gymnodinium soyai Hada, 1970
  176. Species Gymnodinium sphaericum (Calkins) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  177. Species Gymnodinium sphaeroideum Kofoid, 1931
  178. Species Gymnodinium stellatum Hulburt, 1957
  179. Species Gymnodinium striassimum Hulbert
  180. Species Gymnodinium subroseum P.H.Campbell, 1973
  181. Species Gymnodinium subrufescens G.W.Martin, 1929
  182. Species Gymnodinium suffuscum van Meel, 1969
  183. Species Gymnodinium sulcatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  184. Species Gymnodinium telma van Meel, 1969
  185. Species Gymnodinium translucens Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  186. Species Gymnodinium translucens P.H.Campbell, 1973
  187. Species Gymnodinium trapeziforme Attaran-Fariman & Bolch, 2007
  188. Species Gymnodinium triangularis Lebour, 1917
  189. Species Gymnodinium uberrimum (G.J.Allman) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  190. Species Gymnodinium valdecompressum P.H.Campbell, 1973
  191. Species Gymnodinium variabile E.C.Herdman, 1924
  192. Species Gymnodinium vas Van Meel, 1969
  193. Species Gymnodinium venator Flo Jørgensen & Murray, 2004
  194. Species Gymnodinium verruculosum P.H.Campbell, 1973
  195. Species Gymnodinium violescens Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  196. Species Gymnodinium virescens Wood, 1963
  197. Species Gymnodinium viridaliut J.Schiller, 1955
  198. Species Gymnodinium viridans van Meel, 1969
  199. Species Gymnodinium viridescens Kofoid, 1931
  200. Species Gymnodinium voukii J.Schiller, 1928
  201. Species Gymnodinium wilczekii Pouchet, 1894
  202. Species Gymnodinium wulffii J.Schiller, 1933
  203. Species Gymnodinium acutiusclum Okolodkov, 1997 accepted as Gymnodinium acutiusculum Okolodkov, 1997
  204. Species Gymnodinium affine Dogiel, 1906 accepted as Chytriodinium affine (Dogiel) Chatton, 1920
  205. Species Gymnodinium agile Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Durinskia agilis (Kofoid & Swezy) Saburova, Chomérat & Hoppenrath, 2012 (synonym)
  206. Species Gymnodinium agile Herdman, 1922 accepted as Herdmania litoralis J.D.Dodge, 1981 (synonym)
  207. Species Gymnodinium archimedis Pouchet, 1883 accepted as Cochlodinium archimedes (Pouchet) Lemmermann, 1899 (synonym)
  208. Species Gymnodinium arenicolum Dragesco, 1965 accepted as Gymnodinium arenicola Dragesco, 1965
  209. Species Gymnodinium asymmetricum Massart, 1920 accepted as Katodinium asymmetricum (Massart) A.R.Loeblich, III, 1965 (synonym)
  210. Species Gymnodinium bei H.J.Spero, 1987 accepted as Pelagodinium bei (H.J.Spero) Siano, Montresor, Probert & Vargas, 2010 (deleted in Algaebase)
  211. Species Gymnodinium breve C.C.Davis, 1948 accepted as Karenia brevis (C.C.Davis) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (basionym)
  212. Species Gymnodinium brevisulcatum F.H.Chang, 1999 accepted as Karenia brevisulcata (F.H.Chang) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (basionym)
  213. Species Gymnodinium chlorophorum Elbrächter & Schnepf, 1996 accepted as Lepidodinium chlorophorum (M.Elbrächter & E.Schnepf) Gert Hansen, Botes & Salas, 2007 (synonym)
  214. Species Gymnodinium coeruleum Dogiel, 1906 accepted as Balechina coerulea (Dogiel) F.J.R.Taylor, 1976 accepted as Cucumeridinium coeruleum (Dogiel) F.Gomez, P.López-García, H.Takayama & D.Moreira, 2015 (synonym)
  215. Species Gymnodinium conicum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968 (synonym)
  216. Species Gymnodinium fissum Levander, 1894 accepted as Levanderina fissa (Levander) Moestrup, Hakanen, Gert Hansen, Daugbjerg & M.Ellegaard, 2014 (basionym)
  217. Species Gymnodinium frigidum Balech, 1965 accepted as Gymnodinium antarcticum A.E.Thessen, D.J.Patterson & S.A.Murray, 2012
  218. Species Gymnodinium fungiforme Anisimova, 1926 accepted as Speroidium fungiforme (Anisimova) Moestrup & Calado, 2018
  219. Species Gymnodinium galatheanum Braarud, 1957 accepted as Karlodinium veneficum (D.Ballantine) J.Larsen, 2000 (synonym)
  220. Species Gymnodinium geminatum Schütt, 1895 accepted as Cochlodinium geminatum (Schütt) Schütt, 1896 accepted as Polykrikos geminatus (Schütt) D.Qiu & S.Lin, 2013 (synonym)
  221. Species Gymnodinium glandula E.C.Herdman, 1924 accepted as Aduncodinium glandula (E.C.Herdman) N.S.Kang, H.J.Jeong & Moestrup, 2015
  222. Species Gymnodinium glaucum Conrad, 1926 accepted as Amphidinium conradii J.Schiller, 1932 (synonym)
  223. Species Gymnodinium gracile Bergh, 1882 accepted as Balechina gracilis (Bergh) F.Gómez, Artigas & Gast, 2021
  224. Species Gymnodinium halophilum Biecheler, 1952 accepted as Biecheleria halophila (Biecheler) Moestrup, Lindberg & Daugbjerg, 2009
  225. Species Gymnodinium helix Pouchet, 1887 accepted as Cochlodinium helix Lemmermann,1899 (synonym)
  226. Species Gymnodinium helix Schütt, 1895 accepted as Cochlodinium helix Lemmermann,1899 (synonym)
  227. Species Gymnodinium hiemale Woloszynska, 1917 accepted as Jadwigia hiemalis (Woloszynska) Moestrup, 2018
  228. Species Gymnodinium instriatum (Freudenthal & J.J.Lee) D.W.Coats, 2002 accepted as Levanderina fissa (Levander) Moestrup, Hakanen, Gert Hansen, Daugbjerg & M.Ellegaard, 2014
  229. Species Gymnodinium lebourae Pavillard, 1921 accepted as Gymnodinium lebouriae Pavillard, 1921 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968 (misspelling)
  230. Species Gymnodinium lebouriae Pavillard, 1921 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968
  231. Species Gymnodinium leopoliensis Woloszynska, 1917 accepted as Woloszynskia leopoliensis (Woloszynska) R.H.Thompson, 1951 accepted as Tovellia leopoliensis (Woloszynska) Moestrup, K.Lindberg & Daugbjerg, 2005 (synonym)
  232. Species Gymnodinium linucheae R.V.Trench & L.-V.Thinh, 1995 accepted as Symbiodinium linucheae (Trench & Thinh) T.C.LaJenesse, 2001
  233. Species Gymnodinium lira Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Cucumeridinium lira (Kofoid & Swezy) F.Gómez, P. López-García, H.Takayama & D.Moreira, 2015
  234. Species Gymnodinium lohmannii Paulsen, 1908 accepted as Gymnodinium gracile Bergh, 1882 accepted as Balechina gracilis (Bergh) F.Gómez, Artigas & Gast, 2021 (synonym)
  235. Species Gymnodinium lunula Schütt, 1895 accepted as Pyrocystis lunula (Schütt) Schütt, 1896 (synonym)
  236. Species Gymnodinium microadriaticum (Freudenthal) F.J.R.Taylor, 1971 accepted as Symbiodinium microadriaticum LaJeunesse, 2017 (synonym)
  237. Species Gymnodinium micrum (B.Leadbeater & J.D.Dodge) Loeblich III, 1970 accepted as Karlodinium veneficum (D.Ballantine) J.Larsen, 2000 (synonym)
  238. Species Gymnodinium mikimotoi Miyake & Kominami ex Oda, 1935 accepted as Karenia mikimotoi (Miyake & Kominami ex Oda) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (synonym)
  239. Species Gymnodinium minutum Lebour, 1925 accepted as Heterocapsa rotundata (Lohmann) Gert Hansen, 1995 (synonym)
  240. Species Gymnodinium monadicum (Deising) W.S.Kent, 1881 accepted as Gymnodinium partitum (Perty) Moestrup, 2018
  241. Species Gymnodinium myriopyrenoides H.Yamaguchi, T.Nakayama, A.Kai & I.Inouye, 2011 accepted as Nusuttodinium myriopyrenoides (H.Yamaguchi, T.Nakayama, A.Kai & I.Inouye) Y.Takano & H.Yamaguichi, 2014
  242. Species Gymnodinium nagasakiense H.Takayama & M.Adachi, 1985 accepted as Karenia mikimotoi (Miyake & Kominami ex Oda) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (synonym)
  243. Species Gymnodinium natalense T.Horiguchi & R.N.Pienaar, 1994 accepted as Ansanella natalensis (T.Horiguchi & R.N.Pienaar) Dawut, Sym & T.Horiguchi, 2018
  244. Species Gymnodinium nelsonii G.W.Martin, 1929 accepted as Akashiwo sanguinea (K.Hirasaka) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (synonym)
  245. Species Gymnodinium ovato-capitatum van Meel, 1969 accepted as Gymnodinium ovatocapitatum Van Meel, 1969
  246. Species Gymnodinium pachydermatum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Balechina pachydermata (Kofoid & Swezy) A.R.Loeblich Jr. & A.R.Loeblich III, 1968 accepted as Balechina gracilis (Bergh) F.Gómez, Artigas & Gast, 2021
  247. Species Gymnodinium parasiticum Dogiel, 1906 accepted as Chytriodinium parasititum (Dogiel) Chatton, 1912
  248. Species Gymnodinium parvulum Schütt, 1895 accepted as Gyrodinium parvulum (Schütt) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921
  249. Species Gymnodinium pascheri (Suchlandt) Schiller, 1954 accepted as Borghiella pascheri (Suchlandt) Moestrup, 2018 (synonym)
  250. Species Gymnodinium pellucidum Wulff, 1916 accepted as Gyrodinium pellucidum (Wulff) J.Schiller, 1933 (synonym)
  251. Species Gymnodinium pellucidum (E.C.Herdman) Flø Jørgensen & Shauna Murray, 2004 accepted as Gymnodinium venator Flo Jørgensen & Murray, 2004 (synonym)
  252. Species Gymnodinium pigmentosum (Dodge) Loeblich, 1970 accepted as Aureodinium pigmentosum Dodge, 1967 (synonym)
  253. Species Gymnodinium pirum Schütt, 1895 accepted as Cochlodinium pirum (Schütt) Lemmermann, 1921 (synonym)
  254. Species Gymnodinium polyphemus Pouchet accepted as Warnowia polyphemus (Pouchet) J.Schiller, 1933 (synonym)
  255. Species Gymnodinium pouchetii Lemmermann, 1899 accepted as Oodinium pouchetii (Lemmermann) Chatton, 1912
  256. Species Gymnodinium pseudonoctiluca Pouchet, 1885 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968 (synonym)
  257. Species Gymnodinium pulchellum J.Larsen, 1994 accepted as Takayama pulchella (Larsen) de Salas, Bolch & Hallegraeff, 2003 (synonym)
  258. Species Gymnodinium pyrocystis Jørgensen, 1912 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968 (synonym)
  259. Species Gymnodinium quadrilobatum T.Horiguchi & R.N.Pienaar, 1994 accepted as Dinothrix quadrilobata (T.Horiguchi & R.N.Pienaar) R.Onuma & T.Horiguchi (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  260. Species Gymnodinium roseum Dogiel, 1906 accepted as Chytriodinium roseum (Dogiel) Chatton, 1912
  261. Species Gymnodinium sangineum Hirasaka, 1924 accepted as Gymnodinium sanguineum K.Hirasaka, 1922 accepted as Akashiwo sanguinea (K.Hirasaka) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000
  262. Species Gymnodinium sanguineum K.Hirasaka, 1922 accepted as Akashiwo sanguinea (K.Hirasaka) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (synonym)
  263. Species Gymnodinium simplex (Lohmann) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Protodinium simplex Lohmann, 1908
  264. Species Gymnodinium spirale Bergh, 1882 accepted as Gyrodinium spirale (Bergh) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 (synonym)
  265. Species Gymnodinium splendens Lebour, 1925 accepted as Akashiwo sanguinea (K.Hirasaka) Gert Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 (basionym)
  266. Species Gymnodinium strangulatum F.Schütt, 1895 accepted as Cochlodinium strangulatum (F.Schütt) F.Schütt, 1896 (synonym)
  267. Species Gymnodinium striatissimum E.M.Hulburt, 1957 accepted as Gyrodinium striatissimum (E.M.Hulburt) Gert Hansen & Ø.Moestrup, 2000 (synonym)
  268. Species Gymnodinium sugashimanii J.Cachon, H.Saton, M.Cachon & S.Sato, 1989 accepted as Gyrodinium sugashimanii J.Cachon, H.Saton, M.Cachon & S.Sato, 1989 (synonym)
  269. Species Gymnodinium tenuissimum Lauterborn, 1894 accepted as Borghiella tenuissima (Lauterborn) Moestrup, Gert Hansen & Daugbjerg, 2008
  270. Species Gymnodinium tintinnicola Lohmann, 1908 accepted as Duboscquella tintinnicola (Lohmann) Chatton
  271. Species Gymnodinium uncatenatum (Hulburt) Hallegraeff, 2002 accepted as Levanderina fissa (Levander) Moestrup, Hakanen, Gert Hansen, Daugbjerg & M.Ellegaard, 2014 (synonym)
  272. Species Gymnodinium veneficum D.Ballantine, 1956 accepted as Karlodinium veneficum (D.Ballantine) J.Larsen, 2000 (synonym)
  273. Species Gymnodinium vestifici Schütt, 1895 accepted as Kapelodinium vestifici (Schütt) Boutrup, Moestrup & Daugbjerg, 2016
  274. Species Gymnodinium viride Lebour, 1917 accepted as Gymnodinium conicum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968 (synonym)
  275. Species Gymnodinium viridis Lebour, 1917 accepted as Gymnodinium conicum Kofoid & Swezy, 1921 accepted as Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca (Pouchet) J.Cachon & M.Cachon, 1968 (synonym)
  276. Species Gymnodinium vitiligo D.Ballantine, 1956 accepted as Karlodinium vitiligo (D.Ballantine) J.Larsen, 2000 (synonym)
  277. Species Gymnodinium excavatum Van Meel, 1969 (uncertain)
  278. Species Gymnodinium falcatum V.G.Madhav & B.Kondalarao, 2004 (uncertain > unassessed)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Not documented
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:6790  
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:6790 [details]
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Gymnodinium F.Stein, 1878. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=109475 on 2024-11-23
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
db_admin
2006-07-12 06:39:56Z
changed
Camba Reu, Cibran
2010-08-12 12:41:00Z
changed
Guiry, Michael D.
2019-09-06 07:43:12Z
changed
Guiry, Michael D.
2024-02-21 07:10:53Z
changed
Guiry, Michael D.

Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


basis of record Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. <em>Acta Bot. Croat.</em> 64(1): 129-212. [details] OpenAccess publication

additional source Kofoid, C.A.; Swezy, O. (1921). The free-living unarmored Dinoflagellata. <em>Memoirs of the University of California.</em> 5: i-viii, 1-562., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/20306447 [details] OpenAccess publication

additional source Steidinger, K.A.; Tangen, K. (1997). Dinoflagellates. pp. 387-584. In: C.R. Tomas (ed.) (1997). Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780126930184500057 [details] 

additional source Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details] 

additional source Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details] 

additional source Hayward, P. J.; Nelson-Smith, A.; Shields, C. (1996). Collins pocket guide: sea shore of Britain and Europe. <em>Collins pocket guides. Harper-Collins Publishers: London, UK. ISBN 0-00-219955-6.</em> 352 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] 

additional source Parker, S.P. (Ed.) (1982). Synopsis and classification of living organisms. McGraw Hill Book Company: New York, NY (USA). ISBN 0-07-079031-0. 1166, 1232 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] 
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
   

From editor or global species database
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:6790 [details]

Unreviewed
Classification This genus was originally placed under the family Gymnodiniidae as proposed by Hayward and Ryland (1990). [details]

Diet general for group: both heterotrophic (eat other organisms) and autotrophic (photosynthetic) [details]

Ecology Blooms of this genus were recorded as early as 1937 in the Oslo Fjord (Braarud, 1945) an have occured more recently as G. sanguinum with concentrations up to 35 106 ind/l. [details]

Habitat pelagic [details]

Importance General: known for producing dangerous toxins, particularly when in large numbers, called "red tides" because the cells are so abundant they make water change color. Also they can produce non-fatal or fatal amounts of toxins in predators (particularly shellfish) that may be eaten by humans. [details]

Predators marine microorganisms and animal larvae [details]

Reproduction general for group: both sexual and asexual [details]
    Definitions

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LanguageName 
Japanese ギムノディニウム属  [details]
PlanktonNet Image 
Published in AlgaeBase Logo AlgaeBase 
Published in AlgaeBase Logo AlgaeBase (from synonym Rhizodinium Baumeister ex Bourrelly, 1955)
Published in AlgaeBase Logo AlgaeBase (from synonym Proaulax Diesing, 1866)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) 
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Gymnodinium) 
To Genbank 
To NMNH Extant Collection (114051.jpg) 
To NMNH Extant Collection (115029.jpg) 
To ITIS
Unreviewed
Meunier (1919, pl. 21)
Meunier (1919, pl. 21)
Gymnodinium
Gymnodinium
PlanktonNet Image
PlanktonNet Image
Hosted externally
To NMNH Extant Collection (114051.jpg)
To NMNH Extant Collection (114051.jpg)
Hosted externally
To NMNH Extant Collection (115029.jpg)
To NMNH Extant Collection (115029.jpg)
Hosted externally